A frame is a structural system consisting of interconnected members designed to support loads and provide stability. Frames are widely used in buildings, bridges, machinery, and other structures.
Rigid Frames:The connections between members (joints) are designed to resist both moments and forces.
Capable of carrying heavy and complex loads.
Examples: Building structures, bridges, and industrial frameworks.
Pin-Jointed Frames: The connections (joints) are assumed to allow rotation and resist only axial forces.
Simpler to analyze but limited in their load-carrying capacity.
Examples: Trusses in roofs and bridges.
Braced Frames: Include diagonal members for additional stability against lateral forces like wind or earthquakes.
Can be rigid or pin-jointed.
Common in high-rise buildings.
Portal Frames: Designed for large open spaces, such as warehouses and factories.
Have rigid joints to resist lateral forces and bending moments.
Supports are critical components in a frame system that provide stability by resisting external loads and maintaining equilibrium. They prevent excessive motion and ensure the structure functions as intended.
Fixed Support:
Restricts all translations and rotations.
Provides maximum stability by resisting horizontal, vertical, and rotational movements.
Commonly used in bridges and building columns.
Pinned Support (Hinged Support):
Allows rotation but restricts translation in any direction.
Often used in trusses and simple beam structures.
Example: A door hinge.
Roller Support:
Allows horizontal movement (or movement along one axis) but resists vertical forces.
Often used in bridges and expansion joints where thermal movement is expected.
Cantilever Support:
Extends outward, supported at only one end.
Resists bending moments and shear forces.
Examples: Balcony slabs, traffic signs.
